A monolight combines power supply and lamp unit in one housing. There is no need for a lamp cable, making the device very handy and convenient. A battery-powered monolight allows you to work completely wireless. In order to keep size and weight to a minimum, monolights are limited when it comes to flash power. Each monolight features its own controls and works independently of other monolights. The whole system is not down in case of a technical issue.
A power pack usually stands on the ground, therefore size and weight are not as critical as compared to monolights. Therefore, they offer substantially more flash power. Several lamp heads are connected to and controlled by one power pack. In case of a failure the whole system may be temporarily down. The (separate) lamp heads are much smaller and lighter than monolights.